Word: khoei
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...family of clerics, Sistani started memorizing the Koran at age 5, according to his official biography. In the early 1950s, he moved to the Iraqi city of Najaf, the site of one of the holiest shrines in Shi'ism. He later became a student of Grand Ayatullah Abul Khoei, who would turn out to be Iraq's leading cleric. As Saddam ruthlessly suppressed clerical activism, Khoei advocated "quietism," the belief that the clergy should mainly serve spiritual and social needs, and not focus on matters of state. Sistani quickly distinguished himself as a brilliant theologian, adept at applying religious doctrine...
...When Khoei died in 1992, Sistani succeeded him as the most prominent member of the hawza, the network of seminaries and mosques that dominates life in the city and generates huge sums in alms and tithes. Two years later, Saddam placed Sistani under house arrest. In response, Sistani established a base in Qum, in western Iran, and forged relationships with the ruling clergy in Tehran. But Sistani, like many other Shi'ite luminaries, disagrees with the Iranian practice of velayat-e faqih, or rule of the clergy. Aides say he has always discouraged clerics from holding political positions...
...other Shi'ite towns in southern Iraq think they know exactly what al-Sadr is capable of. In the days after Saddam's fall, his bodyguards were accused of knifing to death--at the gates of the mosque where al-Hakim was killed--the moderate cleric Abdul-Majid al-Khoei, who had just returned from exile in London. (At the time, al-Sadr told TIME that the bodyguards involved had been dismissed before the assassination and that he had nothing to do with the killing of al-Khoei.) In April, al-Sadr's supporters surrounded the home of Grand Ayatullah...
...Muqtada's supporters are alleged to have been involved in the murder of pro-U.S. returned exile Ayatollah Abdel Majid al-Khoei at Najaf last month, and then briefly laid siege to the home of Iraq's supreme Shiite authority, Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani, and demanded that Sistani leave Iraq. Some U.S. officials speculated that his fanatical supporters, who had worked underground, were a pro-Iran faction stirring up trouble. But it quickly emerged that Muqtada spelt trouble even for the leading Iran-backed Iraqi Shiite group, the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq. Muqtada - whose supporters...
...murder of Ayatollah al-Khoei, for which two of Muqtada's guards have been arrested, Muqtada denies involvement. "I expelled Mustafa Yaqubi and Sheik Kais (the men arrested) and we beat them," he says, insisting that he had tried to protect Khoei. "I tried to save him. I sent my men to announce on loudspeakers that all arms should be laid down. I tried to go out to help Khoei, but I was threatened with the same fate as him if I went...