Word: khomeini
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...ISLAM IS POLITICS" --Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran...
...Administration's style say that its post-9/11 push for political liberalization has helped rekindle debates that have long simmered across the Muslim world, encompassing everything from sexuality and gender roles to how Islam can accommodate the influence of democratic ideals and Western culture. In this, Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini, who led Iran's Islamic revolution in 1979, had it right when he declared that Islam is inseparable from politics. In three Islamic countries whose destinies are vital to the security of the U.S.--Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the Ayatullah's Iran--the political future is very much...
...will be plain for Sistani to see that his own position has weakened in the course of the siege, a widespread perception that he absented himself at Najaf's time of need. Sadr's rise has challenged the prevailing Shiite clerical order in Iraq in the way that Ayatollah Khomeini did in Iran 25 years ago, by creating an alternative center of clerical power outside of the seminary, in the kingdom of politics. One crucial difference, of course, is that Khomeini's revolution had the support of the merchant middle class, whereas in Iraq they're in opposition...
...street to confront the occupation, and thereby create pressure on Sistani to adopt stronger positions. While he shares the mainstream Shi'ite goal of ensuring that elections go ahead in January - and indications are that his party plans to participate - Moqtada hews more closely to the Khomeini doctrine of velayat-al-faqih (political rule by clerics), and hopes to eclipse more moderate Shi'ite parties at the polls, and in the streets...
...student revolutionary during the Shah's reign, Kadivar enrolled in the Shi'ite seminary in the holy city of Qum after Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini came to power, spending 17 years there as a student and teacher. To the dismay of hard-line clerics, his most important work presents a devastating critique of velayat-e faqih, the Shi'ite Muslim doctrine expounded by Khomeini that effectively grants the power of dictatorship to a top Shi'ite cleric. Kadivar argues that because the concept was conceived by clerics rather than by Allah, it cannot be considered sacred or infallible. And if clerics...