Word: khorana
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Endless Variety. At the University of Wisconsin, a group headed by a distinguished Indian-born molecular biologist, Har Gobind Khorana. 47, reported that it had achieved the first artificial synthesis of a gene-the basic unit of heredity in the nuclei of all cells. Although genetic material has been made in the laboratory before, scientists have always had to use at least some natural cellular material in the process. The Wisconsin achievement marks the first time that a single gene has been created entirely out of off-the-shelf chemicals...
...next. And one of the greatest of man's scientific triumphs has been the discovery of the method by which the genes transmit and translate the message of heredity. Last week, for their ingenious work in breaking the genetic code, U.S. Molecular Biologists Marshall Nirenberg, 41, Har Gobind Khorana, 46, and Robert Holley, 46, were jointly awarded the 1968 Nobel prize for physiology and medicine...
Punched-Tape Message. Nirenberg refined his technique and began to match other three-letter combinations of nucleotides with particular amino acids. The task was also taken up independently by Khorana at the University of Wisconsin. Other scientists pitched in, and by 1965 the genetic code had been largely deciphered. Khorana was also able to determine that each of the three-letter words is always read separately and does not share any of its letters with another word. The words are read off continuously along a strand of DNA, much as a punched-tape message is read by a teletype machine...