Word: khrushchev
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...were at least four powerful arguments against the meeting?the four sterile cold-war Summits during the Eisenhower and Kennedy Administrations, most notably the 1960 Paris meeting that broke up over the U-2 incident as soon as it began, and John Kennedy's unhappy Viennese deadlock with Nikita Khrushchev in 1961. Also, Washington officialdom has a built-in predisposition against high-level meetings without detailed preparation and a concrete agenda. Finally, the Administration was opposed to a meeting that would strengthen Kosygin's hand in his Middle Eastern propaganda push, which was the main reason for his visit...
Particularly since the 1962 Cuban missile debacle, which helped hasten the fall of Nikita Khrushchev, Moscow has played for smaller stakes at great cost and scant return (see box). One investment it could not liquidate, however, was the Middle East. With the decline of Western influence and the rise of Arab nationalism in the 1950s, the volatile, petroliferous Moslem world became an irresistible and comparatively safe target for Russia's rulers. Their main goal, in the Middle East as elsewhere, was to displace U.S. influence. The ultimate cost of Russia's aid to the Arab world was between $3 billion...
Massive Reassessment. Aside from the obvious uncertainties about the Arab countries, eventual relations with Israel and the political longevity of the principal Arab leaders, the Russians have been suffering from their own where-do-we-go-from-here problems. The system of collective leadership practiced since Khrushchev's removal in 1964?what State Department Policy Planner Zbigniew Brzezinski calls a "regime of clerks"?has resulted in a slow-motion foreign policy that inhibits innovation or quick decision even more effectively than Washington's dinosauric bureaucracy. Moscow's inability to get itself out of its self-dug holes, no matter...
...well as the older nations that profess concern that their fate should largely reside in American and Soviet hands, the non-news of the Summit should in itself be a measure of reassurance. Johnson was no more the plains-Texan wheeler-dealer than was Kosygin a shoe-banging Khrushchev. Both men demonstrated that they are able to survey, if not to solve, the overriding issues with acumen and restraint...
...matter what upheavals occurred there. Though skilled as a politician, he was not classed as a hard-line Stalinist. His success as Deputy Premier for a total of 19 years was mostly due to his talent as a masterful apparatchik, the engineer of Soviet economic machinery. Said Nikita Khrushchev in 1958: "Kosygin knows everything...