Word: khrushchev
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Flickering Images. Economically, the Brezhnev era has seen-after the eccentric years of changing plans and sudden policy switches under Nikita Khrushchev-steady progress in building national strength. There has been some progress in providing consumer amenities, even though the variety and quality of food, clothes, appliances and services are primitive by Western standards. The Soviets are now the world's largest producers of coal, oil, iron ore, steel, tractors and mineral fertilizers, and are engaged in massive energy, transportation, metals and agricultural projects. They are spending billions on public housing and subway systems. The basic self-sufficiency...
...Soviet elite is enjoying the biggest slice of the steady growth in national wealth. "There's more pie and more fat flies to share it," notes a Leningrad sociologist. On the woody outskirts of Moscow, the birch-shaded grounds of Khrushchev's old dacha at Petrovo-Dalneye are being torn up to make room for rows of mini-dachas, which look like motel cabins, for middle-rung apparatchiks. The system of special stores for top people, stocked with Western goods and local caviar, is expanding...
...Soviet citizens, the tanks that rumbled through Prague had their equivalent at home in the police's storming of Writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn's apartment, in the bulldozers crushing an unofficial art exhibition, in the new flow of political prisoners into the concentration camps that Khrushchev had virtually emptied. Some of the country's most talented dancers, musicians, writers and scholars are retreating in despair from neo-Stalinism and from cultural stagnation. Many are emigrating and defecting to the opportunities-and the pains-of exile. The remaining dissenters are depressed. Physicist Andrei Sakharov, the hero of those...
...Star City, the cosmonaut complex outside Moscow. There was also close cooperation by U.S. and Soviet design and engineering teams, as well as delicate diplomatic negotiations that go back five years and, ultimately, to 1961, when President John Kennedy, in a light moment at ins Vienna summit with Nikita Khrushchev, suggested to the Soviet Premier: "Let's go to the moon together." Khrushchev's reply...
...with meager success. The trademarks of Communist economies remain indelible: low productivity, shortages of goods, lengthy queues in stores, years-long waits for apartments. In order to spur initiative, most Communist countries also have huge and growing differences in real income (and perquisites) between commissar and collective farmer. Nikita Khrushchev once replied to a charge that the Soviet Union was going capitalist: "Call it what you will, incentives are the only way to make people work harder...