Word: khrushchevism
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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According to his journal, Penkovsky approached Western sources-both in Moscow and abroad-many times before he convinced the West that he was a legitimate informer. His reasons: sheer hatred of Nikita Khrushchev, coupled with fear of thermonuclear war. Once in the confidence of the West, Penkovsky turned his embittered talents to transmitting everything he knew to the West. Penkovsky's contact was Greville Wynne, a businessman and go-between for British intelligence who served as Penkovsky's chief courier...
Through Wynne and others, Penkovsky leaked details of the impending Berlin Wall operation (apparently disbelieved by the West, or at least not acted upon), and the presence and location of missiles installed by Russia in Cuba before the crisis of 1962 (information that may have aided Washington in calling Khrushchev's bluff...
Quiet as Hell. Did the arrest presage a new cultural crackdown? So far, the Brezhnev-Kosygin regime has taken a moderate approach to intellectuals, avoiding the shrill, savage attacks of the Khrushchev era. Khrushchev's cultural hatchet man, Leonid Ilyichev, has been removed; Stalin's pet geneticist, Trofim Lysenko, has been disavowed by Russian science; imaginative and critical writing appears frequently in Soviet publications so long as it remains within limits. More importantly, B. & K. seem to recognize the sheer public-relations value inherent in "liberalization." Says one Washington Kremlin-watcher: "These men would like to handle this...
...Taft, who, I think, probably persuaded the American people that you could use federal tax money for primary and secondary schools without immediately ending in perdition. He himself proposed such bills; they never passed, but he got the thinking going. The second, not precisely like Mr. Taft, is Mr. Khrushchev, who scared the daylights out of us, scared us that the schools were not any good and that we had better compete. The third is Pope John, with the ecumenical movement, and the fourth is Lyndon Johnson. Can you think of a more unlikely batch...
...thinking." And though Kosygin's new measures represented the largest advance yet for the Western-style reform theories of Soviet economists like Evsei Liberman (TIME cover, Feb. 12), they were balanced by a tightening of the planning bureaucracy. Kosygin announced that the regional planning Sovnarkhozy set up by Khrushchev in 1957 would be abolished, and all Russian economic life put under 20 new national ministries. Among the new creations: one for machine tools, one for oil and chemicals, one for instrumentation and automation...