Word: khrushchevism
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Gorbachev's rejuvenating crusade raises the question of whether he can achieve durable change without provoking insurmountable opposition from party conservatives and fearful bureaucrats. After all, Nikita Khrushchev was swept from power 23 years ago for attempting reforms far less daring than Gorbachev's. More recently, when Deng Xiaoping's economic liberalization in China began to spill over into the political sphere, hard-liners rose up and forced the ouster of reformist Communist Party Chief Hu Yaobang early this year. Even if such internal party opposition does not stop Gorbachev, how far can he push change without unleashing democratic forces...
Perhaps the most relevant historical analogy is the thaw promoted by Nikita Khrushchev in the late 1950s, when he was pursuing his internal reforms. That was when the phrase "peaceful coexistence" gained currency. Both sides professed their realization that they had a stake in preventing war. The quest for nuclear parity began with the limited test-ban treaty negotiated under Khrushchev, which led to the era of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and detente under Brezhnev. But Khrushchev's thaw turned out to be more rhetoric than reality. He crushed the Hungarian rebellion, built the Berlin Wall, deployed Soviet missiles...
...extreme seriousness with which the Soviets viewed Rust's romp through more than 400 miles of well- guarded airspace. Soviet and Western military experts were still digesting the news of the abrupt departure of Defense Minister Sergei Sokolov, the first official of that rank to be ousted since Nikita Khrushchev's celebrated firing of Georgi Zhukov for meddling in party affairs in 1957. Marshal of Aviation Alexander Koldunov was also dismissed. Further casualties were expected in the course of a top-level investigation ordered by the ruling Politburo into why Rust's aircraft had not been forced...
...pursuit of Soviet agents in the U.S. and moles within the CIA, won him respect from insiders but little public notice. He has been credited with helping to expose Kim Philby, the British journalist who worked for the Soviet Union, and with acquiring the text of Nikita Khrushchev's condemnation of Joseph Stalin in 1956. In 1974, following disclosures that Angleton had directed clandestine mail-opening and surveillance schemes, then CIA Director William E. Colby demanded his resignation...
...after service under eight Presidents, recalls a 1953 fight with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles to exclude a sentence on Chinese expansionism from an Eisenhower speech just before the Korean War armistice. (Nitze won.) In the summer of 1962 Walt W. Rostow and his staff predicted that Nikita Khrushchev would soon embark on high-risk foreign policy moves. Rostow and other officials met each Thursday over lunch at the State Department to think through a response. "We said that if the U.S. stayed firm, he'd back away," recalls Rostow, 70. Indeed, when President John F. Kennedy imposed...