Word: kibbutzim
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...during Shemittah: seeds are planted in 90-ft.-long gravel-filled concrete plots, where they are chemically treated until the year is out. Although the method is expensive, the plants grow bigger than they do in ordinary soil. Another farm grows its crops in chemically-treated straw. Less scrupulous kibbutzim get around the prohibition against planting during Shemittah by covering their tractors with canopies; according to one tortuous rabbinical interpretation, planting is legal if it is done inside an enclosure. Horrified by all such agonized evasions of Shemittah-and by the growing number of Jews who do not observe...
Founded in 1920 as a union of kibbutzim laborers, Histadrut rapidly tentacled into organizing industrial workers, building factories and financing housing developments. From the start it was meant to be far more than a labor organization: it was an association of Jews formed to create the State of Israel and provide it with a viable economy. Former Prime Minister David Ben Gurion, himself Histadrut secretary general from 1921 to 1935, described it as an "alliance of pioneers of a homeland, founders of a state, creators of a nation, builders of an economy, disseminators of a culture...
...Bank balance down. Time to do another Big Novel. But what about? The marines in World War II? Did that one already. Maybe the Kaiser's war? Ancient history. The Israeli thing, and beautiful deep-chested broads with big bandoleers standing ankle-deep in the dirt of the kibbutzim? Ah, there's a bestselling idea. Too bad, did that one too. What's left? Got it! Berlin and the airlift. It has flyers and wild blue yonders, and conflict with the Russkies, and a small band of far-seeing Army officers, and fräuleins...
Though partially state-controlled, ZIM is run with the profit-consciousness of a private enterprise by its general manager, Naftali Wydra, a lawyer who fled Berlin in the '30s, managed to get to Palestine, and helped the Zionists set up kibbutzim right under British noses. On its 1963 revenues of $67 million, the line earned a modest $1,000,000. In directing a worldwide enterprise that employs 3,800 Israelis, Wydra, who has headed ZIM since its founding, faces some unique problems. Because ZIM cannot use the Arab-owned Suez Canal, it must divide its fleet between Israel...
...elderly lady seated next to me looked at the expression on my face, then eyed Nasser's picture, and, patting my arm, she said, "Never mind, never mind. God will protect us. Fifteen years ago we had nothing here at all. Now see," and she nodded to the kibbutzim riding the crests of the mountains...