Word: kibbutzim
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...hundreds of Israeli kibbutzim, its cooperative agriculture communities, were once feverishly intent on expanding the nation's wealth through hard work. Today most are building swimming pools or tennis courts--indicating the nation's growing eagerness to consolidate and relax, not expand...
Gary Bennett, the U.S. coordinator for UKM who was also at the breakfast, said that "hostile is a mild word" for the government's attitude toward the kibbutzim. There is a "tremendous struggle" taking place in the country between the advocates of two "diametrically opposed" views of what Israeli society should be like, he added...
...lively commerce and conform to the letter of well-rooted traditions. The Jews are politically animated. The heirs of the Enlightenment try to balance universal values with continuing Jewish particularism (the "problem" of minority separatism is nothing new). The Zionists send their youths to experimental farms known as kibbutzim to train them for settling the Promised Land. Hassidim responded to the Jewish interwar political explosion by renewing orthodoxy. The Jewish Socialist Bund--"We're the young brigade of the proletariat," the children chant--stands at the fore of the trade union movement. There are labor Zionists on the left...
...desert has added to the environmental pressures on wildlife. Israeli officials estimate that the hyena population, about 200 in the 1950s, had been reduced to less than 100 by 1970, largely because of encounters with speeding automobiles. Wolves faced a more subtle adversary; while raiding the garbage dumps of kibbutzim (collective farms), they often consumed fatal doses of pesticides. The otter population declined because of pollution of the desert's few rivers, while the Nubian ibex fell to Bedouin poachers...
...when it had appeared that the Middle East peace negotiations were seriously and perhaps permanently stalled, Begin and his senior colleagues had indeed approved a secret plan to build the villages. Agriculture Minister Ariel Sharon, a strong advocate of settlements, quietly went about the task of asking the various kibbutzim movements for volunteers. Soon the opposition Labor Party learned of the plan, and so did the press...