Word: kidney
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...this case (E.D.R.S. and G.L.B.T, 1963) an inquest was held in Newcastle on a man who on being struck fell backwards onto his head. Respiration failed 14 hours after hospital admission and he was placed on a respirator. A day later, with his wife's consent, a kidney was removed for transplantation. Following the nephrectomy the respirator was turned off. There was no spontaneous respiration. A medical witness declared the man had virtually died at the time he was put on the respirator, although it was legally correct to say death occurred following the interruption of artificial respiration. The surgeon...
First from the patient's point of view: If conscious, he is not obliged to avail himself of extraordinary means of survival. A good case in point is the use of intermittent hemodialysis for the man with kidney failure. At a recent symposium, "Ethics in Medical Progress" (edited by Wolstenholme and O'Connor, 1966) considerable discussion was devoted to the question of whether it is suicide for a man who has the opportunity to avail himself of intermittent hemodialysis to reject it. The answer is surely no: It is still experimental; the subject has the right to withdraw...
...Spare Kidneys. This explained why the first few kidney transplants, begun at Boston's Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in the early 1950s, had failed. It also explained the success of Dr. Joseph E. Murray's first transplant of a kidney between identical twins, done at the Brigham in 1954. Since only one patient in 300 or more has an identical twin available-let alone willing-to donate a kidney, researchers in a dozen branches of medical science have been trying ever since to devise a way of switching off the immune or rejection mechanism long enough...
...anti-cancer chemicals and cortisonetype hormones. They have devised increasingly complex methods of matching white blood cells to reduce antibody formation, and of making antilymphocyte serum in horses to reduce the white cells' activity. This partial success has been sufficient to give today's recipient of a kidney transplant (from close kin or even an unrelated cadaver) at least a 65% chance of surviving...
Every normal person has two kidneys, and since he can live on one, that means he has one to spare. The corpses of healthy people killed in accidents provide two. So although the demand still far exceeds the supply, the kidney transplanter's problem is minor compared with that of the surgeon who would transplant a liver. Each man has only one, and cannot live without it. The world's pioneer in transplanting livers, Dr. Thomas Starzl of the University of Colorado, has obtained 15 so far, with encouraging results in four recent operations on little girls (TIME...