Word: kidney
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...growing children. That's why D, found naturally in only a few foods (including the seriously disgusting cod liver oil), has been routinely added to milk since the 1930s. But too much of the vitamin is no bonus; the symptoms range from fatigue to urinary-tract stones to kidney malfunction -- and, in infants, the condition known as "failure to thrive," which can lead to death...
Last year's speakers were Dr. Jonas Salk, who developed the first polio vaccine in 1954; Professor of Surgery emeritus Dr. Joseph Murray, co-winner of the 1990 Noble Prize in physiology or medicine for performing the first kidney transplant in 1954; and U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Dr. Louis Sullivan...
...more important than any futuristic technology is the change in attitude that has begun to occur. "Why punish the skin, the muscles, the fat when all you want is the kidney?" demands Washington University's Clayman. "Once you ask that question, everything changes. Soon, to make any kind of incision will be seen as an admission of failure...
...oral vaccine, developed by Dr. Hilary Koprowski of Philadelphia's Wistar Institute, was made from weakened polio viruses grown in a culture of monkey kidney cells. Several monkey viruses have been known to contaminate such cultures, though vaccine makers now take pains to weed them out. Extrapolating from a number of coincidences -- the testing of the vaccine in the very site where AIDS is thought to have begun; Koprowski's recollection that he cultured the virus in the tissue of green monkeys, a species that harbors a virus similar to HIV -- writer Tom Curtis hypothesizes that the vaccine was contaminated...
CAPTION: Given the shortage of vital organs, would you allow families to sell organs such as a kidney or liver from a deceased relative's body...