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...citizens in the southern city of Gwangju, the capital of Kim's home province of Jeolla, took to the streets to demonstrate against the military dictatorship of Chun Doo Hwan, who had taken power in a coup following the assassination of Park in 1979. Kim, a leading dissident, was arrested the day before the demonstration. The government crackdown was brutal, resulting in the death of 165 citizens. Kim would use the massacre to attack the ruling party for the rest of his days in opposition. (See pictures of modern-day Seoul...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Former South Korean President Dies at 85 | 8/18/2009 | See Source »

...Those days came to an end in December 1997, when on his fourth try for the presidency he was elected - the first leader to be elected from an opposition party in South Korea's history. (A fellow dissident and political rival, Kim Young Sam, had thrown in with the ruling party when he was elected in 1992.) Kim's election, more than anything, showed that democracy had come to South Korea to stay. (See pictures of brawling legislators in Seoul...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Former South Korean President Dies at 85 | 8/18/2009 | See Source »

...Still, for the country it was a tumultuous time. The Asian financial crisis had devastated what had once been one of East Asia's fastest-growing economies. Kim privatized state-owned companies and jump-started South Korea's IT sector. After getting $60 billion in loans from the IMF in 1997, South Korea became the first East Asian country to, in effect, graduate from its oversight, paying its IMF loans back faster than any other East Asian country, in 2001. (See lessons from Asia's financial crisis...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Former South Korean President Dies at 85 | 8/18/2009 | See Source »

...year 2000, Kim made a historic mark diplomatically. He traveled to Pyongyang for a summit with North Korean dictator Kim Jong Il - the first meeting between North and South Korean leaders since the end of the war. The meetings came as part of Kim's so-called Sunshine Policy, which sought economic and diplomatic engagement with Pyongyang. His hope was that a more dovish stance toward the North would convince Pyongyang to rid itself of its nuclear-weapons program. He explicitly stated that reunification of the Korean peninsula would come only after a long period of "peaceful coexistence" with...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Former South Korean President Dies at 85 | 8/18/2009 | See Source »

...Kim's policy also clashed with that of then incoming U.S. President George W. Bush, who famously told a journalist that he "loathed" Kim Jong Il. A summit meeting between the two ostensible allies went poorly. At one point in a 2001 summit, Bush publicly called the South Korean head of state "this man," instead of President Kim. Kim's supporters in Seoul were furious. Both sides would later acknowledge that the two Presidents had very differing views on how to deal with Pyongyang. (Read about Kim Jong Il's secret family...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Former South Korean President Dies at 85 | 8/18/2009 | See Source »

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