Word: kirghiz
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Sinkiang's 8,000,000 people are Chinese, many of them recent settlers imported to strengthen Peking's ethnic hold. The others come from at least 14 minority nationalities. Some 4,000,000 are Uighurs, descendants of the 9th century Turkic invaders, and 600,000 are Kazakhs, Kirghiz and Tadjiks. Divided by customs and heritage, the various minorities nonetheless are united in their hate of their present masters, who first penetrated Sinkiang under the Han Dynasty...
Russia and China have been wrestling for years along the vast, sparsely settled 4,100-mile common frontier, from Kha barovsk in the east to Kirghiz in the west. The first recorded battle between Russian and Chinese troops took place in the Amur River valley in the 1680s, and since Sino-Soviet relations began to deteriorate in earnest in 1956, repeated incidents have occurred. Major trouble flared in 1960 and again in 1962, when Pravda reported that 5,000 border "in cidents" had occurred within twelve months. The Russians have since used troops to evict Chinese squatters from islands...
According to agents of the K.G.B. (Committee for State Security, or secret police), the textile operation had flourished since 1955, when Comrades Gazenfranz and Appelbaum arrived in Frunze, capital of Soviet Central Asia's Kirghiz Republic, with a proposition for the director of the state-owned knit-goods mill. Instead of producing sweaters, they suggested, why not overcome the drastic shortage of curtain lace, a commodity highly prized both as a status symbol and as the only way to secure privacy in a land without window shades or blinds. The trio promptly set to work importing machinery and bribing...
...million. The free, windswept steppes that once knew the horsetail banners and the hoofbeat thunder of Genghis Khan and his ferocious Golden Horde are now filled with the clank of harvesters in wheatfields stretching to the horizon. Communist Young Pioneers on vacation play volleyball on river banks where Kirghiz nomads used to light their campfires. In the frozen north, villages that were cut off from the world by the fall of the first snow now get airlifted supplies and visitors all winter long...
...steppe, a black earth meadowland which, when properly farmed, is among the most productive soils in the world; and farthest south, the deserts. In this overwhelming setting, Russia made its way much as the U.S. did in its Far West. In each case there were nomadic tribes-the Tartars, Kirghiz and Samoyeds in Siberia like the Indians in America-who learned to their cost that bows and arrows seldom win against muskets and cannon...