Word: klug
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...been sucked out of the 9-ft. by 4-ft. hole blown in the fuselage near the right wing in the moments after the explosion. On the ground, a shepherd near Argos found the bodies of three Greek Americans, all from Annapolis, Md.: Demetra Stylianopoulou, 58, her daughter Maria Klug, 25, and her eight-month-old granddaughter Demetra. A fourth body, that of Colombian-born Alberto Ospino, 39, of Stratford, Conn., was later found in a nearby field, along with the window seat in which he had been sitting...
...deeper into the basic structure and behavior of matter, their disciplines have become increasingly merged. Even the Nobel selection committees sometimes seem to have difficulty telling the two apart. Last week Physicist Kenneth G. Wilson, 46, of Cornell University took the 1982 Nobel in his discipline. Another physicist, Aaron Klug, 56, of England's Cambridge University, was named the laureate in chemistry...
Like Wilson, Klug began his scientific career in physics, which he still teaches undergraduates at Cambridge's Peter-house College. Indeed, his doctoral work at Cambridge involved the kind of problem that occupied Wilson: determining what happens to molten steel as it crystallizes into a solid. Klug soon turned his attention to biological systems, including the oxygen-carrying molecule hemoglobin, and the structure of viruses, those tiny, protein-cloaked bits of genetic material that invade cells. One of his major achievements: developing new techniques of electron microscopy that provide three-dimensional views of the world of biological molecules...
...molecules of the genes, do not lend themselves to such inspection. They consist mainly of light, simple atoms, which produce extremely faint images in an electron microscope. If they are subjected to extra-long exposures in the electron beams or are stained to improve contrast, their structure becomes distorted. Klug overcame this major obstacle by manipulating the images mathematically with the help of a computer. Among the viral structures discovered by his new method was that of a common plant blight: the tobacco mosaic virus, a tiny rod-shaped particle consisting of a single-stranded coil of RNA surrounded...
...Klug, an acutely modest and private man (his first thought was to buy a bicycle with his Nobel money), was born in Lithuania, grew up in South Africa, and has been with the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology at Cambridge since 1962. His most recent work has been on the structure of nucleosomes. These are the fundamental subunits of chromosomes, the repository of the genes in the heart of cells. Klug's structural studies have broad implications, possibly even for an understanding of cancer, which occurs when the genetic machinery goes awry...