Word: knowlands
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Republican Senators who had gone through the long, bone-tiring fight for a strong bill seemed unwilling to do it again. Minority Leader William Knowland frankly wanted the House to accept the weak bill. New York's Republican Jacob Javits, who has made a political career out of civil rights, was proclaiming: "I want a civil rights bill, not a campaign issue." That left it up to House Republicans-and, finding themselves virtually isolated in the effort for a strong bill, they began giving way despite Leader Martin's pleas to stand fast. Illinois' Leo Allen...
Candy Coating. Across the Senate aisle from Knowland sat a man who shrewdly sensed the fence sitters' quandary. And Majority Leader Lyndon Baines Johnson, who had staked out a role for himself as compromiser, set about trying to get passed the kind of jury-trial amendment that Dick Russell and his diehard Southerners would not filibuster against. Johnson's solution: to lure the doubtful and undecided, he would try to sweeten the jury-trial amendment by adding some kind of "new civil right...
...succeed here tonight, it is inevitable that this issue will return again and again until justice is done," he warned. "It cannot be delayed, and it will not be denied." But when the last yea had been shouted, Knowland's justice had been denied. Voting for the jury-trial amendment were 39 Democrats and twelve Republicans, voting against were 33 Republicans and nine Democrats. To Knowland's chagrin, Majority Leader Johnson had scooped up such Democratic moderates as Massachusetts' Jack Kennedy, Ohio's Frank Lausche, Rhode Island's John Pastore, Washington's "Scoop" Jackson...
...utter gloom that followed the vote, the Knowland forces freely predicted that there would be no civil rights legislation this session. Reason: the House, which passed a tough bill 286 to 126, would never agree to the watered-down Senate version. And even if it did, Dwight Eisenhower would be virtually forced to veto it because the four-page, 650-word jury-trial amendment was so loosely drawn that it would devastate the whole legal mechanism for dealing with cases under such laws as antitrust, atomic energy and securities exchange by the accepted injunction and contempt-of-court procedures...
This time President Eisenhower was proposing the legislation, Republican Senate Leader Knowland was in the forefront, and Vice President Nixon was turning on the heat behind the scenes. Therefore, argued Russell, the Southerners should not try to smother the civil rights bill of 1957 with words; instead, they should first try to amend the bill drastically, and be prepared for its eventual passage, even though they might reserve the right to try a filibuster at the bitter...