Word: knowns
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...American Civil War forced the curtain higher. When the fighting began in 1861, Mathew Brady was the country's best-known photographer, an early specimen of the celebrity portraitist and a frank businessman whose New York City studio was located not far from P.T. Barnum's museum. Brady kept a second studio in Washington, and when the First Battle of Bull Run broke out just 25 miles from the capital, he rushed toward the lines with two vanloads of equipment. Amid the scramble of the Union retreat, all the plates from that first day's work were lost...
...campaign pledge to lead the country into a new era through negotiations with the country's disenfranchised blacks. After allowing Mandela a pre-release reunion with his fellow Rivonia prisoners, the government permitted him to receive Mrs. Sisulu along with three other leaders of the antigovernment coalition known as the Mass Democratic Movement. Later the government lifted a 20-month-old order that barred Mrs. Sisulu from political activities. Also, De Klerk was the host for three hours of what he described as "talks about talks" with three M.D.M.-affiliated antiapartheid campaigners, all of them rare visitors to Pretoria...
...other physicists -- Hans Dehmelt of the University of Washington in Seattle and Wolfgang Paul of Bonn University in West Germany -- are to split the remainder of the prize. They were honored for devising ways of "trapping" single electrons and charged atoms known as ions. Paul, 76, won fame for fashioning a vastly improved ion trap. Dehmelt, 67, who studied with Paul as an undergraduate, used such a trap to observe a single ion. Illuminated by laser beams, the imprisoned ion glowed "like a little blue star," he recalled...
...motive for these mountainous excavations: gold. In 1961 Livermore, then working for the Newmont Mining Corp., made a seminal discovery. He looked for gold in the "windows" of a geological feature known as the Carlin Trend. Windows occur where obscuring layers of rock, displaced by an uplift, have eroded to expose the rock below. When Livermore cut into a window on the Carlin Trend, he hit what nongeologists took to calling invisible gold...
This absurdity was most in evidence during and after the April 1986 U.S. bombing of the military barracks in Tripoli, Libya. That was when Colonel Muammar Gaddafi was the villain of the month. Although Gaddafi and his family were known to be living in the barracks and although the attack killed many soldiers and some civilians -- including, Gaddafi claimed, his 18-month-old adopted daughter -- American officials were at pains to insist that they did not intend to kill Gaddafi himself. President Reagan said, "We weren't . . . dropping these tons of bombs hoping to blow that man up" -- although...