Word: kohlberg
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...important influence behind the change was the work of such developmental psychologists as Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg, whose studies discerned a number of stages in a child's intellectual and moral growth. Though a child might have a rudimentary sense of right and wrong at the traditional "age of reason," seven, the studies seemed to indicate that he did not develop a sense of personal sin until nine...
...Skid von State Toast Allen Ginsberg, Peter Orloys Thomas Schelling and Henry Rosovsky We bring glad tidings from afar To Michael Walzer. Judith Shklar, Willard V. Quine and Stanley Cave Jean Mayer, Roger R.D. Revelle, Peter Elder. Martin Kilson William Alfred, J.Q. Wilson Robert Lowell, Robert Kiely. Lawrence Kohlberg. Lawrence Wylie jeremy Sabloff, Jeffrey Brian. J.P. Russo, J.J. Lingane, Albert Sacks and Albert Lord, John K. Fairbank. John M. Ward. Paul A. Freund and Paul A. Cantor. Francis M. and Paul M. Bator. Jack M. Stein and Christa Saas. Ross G. Terrill. Arthur Maass. The list is long, and could...
...first of these six stages, which Kohlberg established after interviewing a cross section of youngsters about imaginary moral problems, "right" behavior is based on fear of punishment. In the second stage, the criterion is selfish need -as in the case of a child who believed a man should steal a lifesaving drug for his wife because if she dies "there'll be no one to cook his food...
...changed. In the opinion of those who reach Stage 6, unjust laws may be broken, because morality is grounded not in legality or in specific rules like the Ten Commandments but in abstract principles of justice and respect for the individual. At this level, a 16-year-old told Kohlberg he would steal to save a life because "human life is above financial gain...
...Kohlberg's reformatory subjects were operating primarily at Stages 1 and 2 when the experiment began. Although most of them are now moving into Stage 4, their problems are far from over. As Kohlberg himself acknowledges, moral judgment does not ensure moral behavior; it is hard to act justly in an unjust world, especially for those too weak to resist temptation. Prison rules are often unfair, and prison staffers are not necessarily much more moral than inmates. Outside, released prisoners may find a society that may not help reinforce their new-found morality; although U.S. democracy is founded...