Word: kronstadt
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...plotter's revolution. One night, eight months after the February revolution, his men seized the key points in Petrograd. They grabbed the telegraph office in order to "telegraph the revolution to the provinces." Soon afterwards, a Lettish regiment (controlled by the Bolshevik Party) and the sailors of Kronstadt dispersed the freely elected Constituent Assembly in which his Bolsheviks had only a 26% minority...
...sacrifice helped prevent the German from shattering Russia's Murmansk supply route and enabled Russia to keep Kronstadt, its last base in the Baltic. From Kronstadt Russian submarines and other survivors of the Red Fleet last week were still harassing Axis ships in the Gulf of Finland. On the Karelian Isthmus Russian soldiers were still holding off Finnish assaults. Leeb's armies, which once had plunged 125 miles east, now had been pushed back 100 miles and were holding a corridor only eight miles wide stretching north to Lake Ladoga (see map). Against both sides of the corridor...
When the Russians lost their Hango base in the Finnish Gulf and Leningrad was surrounded, the Red Fleet was assumed to be bottled in Kronstadt. The Baltic was a German lake and Sweden eased up on convoying. But the Red Fleet did not stay bottled. Submarines, perhaps other warships, broke through mines and nets blocking the Gulf and resumed raiding. Sweden last month resumed convoying. As of this week no German coal or coke had reached Sweden for ten days and Swedish papers warned that none could be expected for another ten. The United Nations had scored some success...
Besieged since Aug. 8, Leningrad is still ringed some 30 miles away by Nazi guns. Capture of Leningrad would 1) isolate the Kronstadt naval base, opening the Baltic as a German supply line to the northern front; 2) clear direct communications to Finland; 3) penetrate the Russian right flank, making the menace to Moscow even graver than last year's; 4) prepare for supplying and manning a major offensive to cut Russia's vital, northern supply line via Murmansk...
Last week, the third of Leningrad's siege, Kronstadt's huge guns were silenced by Nazi artillery and dive-bombers. The sea approaches to Leningrad were threatened as German naval and Luftwaffe parties battered their way onto the stubbornly defended Estonian Islands, Oesel, Vormsi and Moon. The Finns put new pressure on the sea fort of Hanko. German warships were reported steaming into the Baltic to smoke the Red Fleet and its stinging artillery out of the Gulf of Finland...