Word: kuiper
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Died. Gerard Peter Kuiper, 68, astronomer and director of the unmanned Ranger lunar photographic missions that helped pinpoint landing sites for the Apollo moon shots; of a heart attack; in Mexico City. As a director of the University of Chicago's Yerkes Observatory, he made a number of important discoveries, including satellites of both Uranus (1948) and Neptune (1949). When, in the early 1960s, other scientists were concerned that a spacecraft landing on the moon would sink in an ocean of dust, Kuiper correctly described the lunar surface as resembling "crunchy snow...
...late as the 1950s, many astronomers still thought that conditions on cloud-shrouded Venus might favor life, but by now they know otherwise. Rotating once every 243 days in a direction opposite to that of the other planets, Venus has a surface that University of Arizona Astronomer Gerard Kuiper says might resemble a fresh volcanic field, with boiling sulfur springs and red-hot pools of molten metals. The planet's atmosphere is no less forbidding-mostly carbon dioxide plus thick yellow clouds that may be a poisonous brew of such substances as hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride or salts...
...photographed in 1959 by Luna 3, argued that it would be premature to name the remainder until Orbiter 5's pictures are used to prepare definitive and complete farside charts. Of the 18 features named by the Russians from Luna 3 photographs, noted University of Arizona Astronomer Gerard Kuiper in urging a delay, only five can be precisely located and identified in more detailed Orbiter photographs...
Other scientists who have reviewed UFO cases still agree with Astronomer Gerard Kuiper, a colleague of McDonald's at the University of Arizona, who insists that until better evidence is presented, the entire subject is "fanciful." Astronomer Carl Sagan of Harvard and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory says that "at the present time, there is no evidence that unambiguously connects the various flying-saucer sightings with extraterrestrial activity...
...scientists at Block Associates in Cambridge, Mass., produced two of the clearest spectrograms ever obtained of Venus at high altitude. Although the spectrograms conclusively proved that there were no ice crystals in the Venusian atmosphere, they did reveal what appeared to be a significant trace of water vapor. But Kuiper and his associates were not deceived...