Word: kyoto
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...while urging the Europeans to pursue the dream of a multipolar world in an entente cordiale with Moscow. Europeans weren't buying that either. Putin was slapped down by the E.U. leaders, who demanded that he clean up Russia's human-rights record, especially in Chechnya, and ratify the Kyoto protocol on climate change. In other words, as uncertain as they are about the U.S., European leaders may be even more distrustful of Russia...
...Danziger Associate Professor of Government Lars-Erik Cederman, who said Kagan’s was a “very superficial analysis,” attributes the rift to Bush administration’s handling of the Iraq crisis, the United Nations, the Kyoto treaty and the International Criminal Court...
Some U.S. companies are not just experimenting; they are buying carbon dioxide credits today, at relatively low prices, as insurance against future regulations. World wholesale prices of carbon dioxide credits have jumped more than 600% since 1996, but prices differ from country to country. Kyoto allows credit trading only among signatory countries, and when it became clear in 2001 that the U.S. would not adopt Kyoto in the first round, the price of U.S. credits fell...
...Intrator, a managing director at Natsource, believes that the U.S. should have led the way. "America had a massive information advantage," he says. "We understood how cap-and-trade worked because we traded sulfur dioxide. Now we are left in a sea of uncertainty because we didn't ratify Kyoto. The overarching belief is that sometime we will. But by then, we might be at a competitive disadvantage...
Melissa Carey, a climate-change analyst at the Environmental Defense Fund, says that despite all the greenhouse-gas trading under way, it won't reduce emissions until Kyoto takes effect. "Sulfur dioxide was successful," she says, "because there are huge penalties for failing to comply." One Kyoto provision lets industrialized countries fund carbon-reduction projects in developing countries that do not have emission caps. For example, a U.S. utility may find that cutting its emissions is more expensive than planting a carbon-trapping forest in Bolivia. But until Kyoto is ratified, there won't be any independent verification that...