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Another problem is the "tomato war." Earlier this year, Florida truck farmers filed complaints with the Treasury Department that Mexican producers were "dumping" tons of sun-ripened tomatoes and other produce on the U.S. But L??pez Portillo has insisted that Mexican farmers need access to the lucrative U.S. market in order to bolster his country's agricultural economy. He has made it clear that future Mexican cooperation on energy supplies depends on a resolution of this issue, but it is not likely to come while Florida is playing a pivotal early role in the presidential primaries...
Founded in 1929 by the republic's second postrevolutionary President, Plutarco Elias Calles, and shaped by a leftist successor, L??zaro Cárdenas, the P.R.I, was designed to prevent political disagreements from bursting into violence by drawing organizations that represented workers, campesinos and civil servants into its leadership. This corporatist approach has enjoyed remarkable success at the polls: the P.R.I, has never lost a major election, or even been threatened by the country's feeble opposition parties. But the price of P.R.I, dominance has been high. Says a prominent Mexican lawyer: "Politics has been the restricted domain of the official...
There are some checks and balances, but in typical Mexican fashion, they operate indirectly. If a President leans too far to the left, as did L??pez Portillo's predecessor, Luis Echeverria, businessmen can express their displeasure by withholding investments; if he leans too far to the right, as did Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, who ruled from 1964 to 1970, labor leaders and peasant organizations can protest with crippling strikes. To accommodate such pressures, Mexican Presidents usually swing away from the direction of their predecessors, in an effort to appease whatever faction was left most dissatisfied by the previous administration. Echeverria...
Last May the L??pez Portillo government began a well-publicized series of crackdowns on corrupt officials. The federal attorney general, Oscar Florez Sanchez, declared that he would investigate "everybody from the governor of Coahuila on down" after $6.6 million worth of denim dyes were smuggled into Mexico aboard a plane owned by the state government; the digging finally focused on the pilot and an associate. The Mexican information agency announced last spring that 900 investigations into public corruption had begun. So far none of those investigations has produced even an indictment, much less a conviction. Charges Hero Rodriguez Toro...
...legacy of Emiliano Zapata's battle cry, "Land and Liberty," is sporadic violence. Peasants who protest the ruthless domination of local rural political bosses are routinely shot by their oppressors or harassed by the army. Land redistribution has apparently reached a dead end, as L??pez Portillo conceded during his state of the union address a month ago. Said he: "The land available for distribution is becoming exhausted, but the number of campesinos with the right to the land is growing...