Word: labor
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Dates: during 1900-1909
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...Spirit of Labor," by Hutchins Hapgood...
Preliminary to the study of books, Mr. Washington emphasized the importance of bringing the negro down to earth by manual labor. As a result of education the ideas of the negro have greatly changed. Instead of regarding manual labor as degrading, the educated negro now considers it distinctly honorable. There is a great difference between working and being worked--the one means civilization, the other servitude. The same is true with reference to the race as to the individual. Any race which is uneducated is apt to yield to the temptation of going from one extreme to another. The Anglo...
...negro must learn to honor manual labor, for this is merely the foundation of higher civilization. Crime is committed only by vagrants and by the ignorant. In order to better conditions in the South and to diminish racial feeling, the leaders of the blacks must gain self-control and must not become embittered, for such men lose a large percentage of their power to accomplish good. It is not by racial hatred that the great problem which confronts us today is to be solved, it is by co-operation between the two races...
...Avenel divides the history of labor and its relation to the State into three periods, the servitude period, the free period, and the despotic period, the last of which is yet to come. But wages obey no laws prescribed by legislatures; they are governed solely by public opinion. State laws regarding labor are obeyed only so long as they coincide with natural laws...
Until recent times there has been no equality between the laborer and the employer; but such a condition has gradually come about regardless of the efforts to keep it down. In 1789 there was an ordinance passed called the "Liberty of Labor Act;" but the effect of this act upon the actual progress of industry was infinitesimal. The real factor which led to the equalization of laborer and employer, and which also laid the foundations for the great industries of the present, was the introduction of machinery...