Word: labor
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Enrolling Steel. Realizing that labor's future depended on organizing the unskilled, Lewis and other leaders rebelled against the exclusivity of the craft-oriented A.F.L. They formed the Congress of Industrial Organizations with Lewis as president. The C.I.O. extended unionization to the unskilled and semiskilled, organizing by industry instead of by trade. After rapid successes enrolling steel and auto workers, the union was firmly established. In 1937 Lewis had his first serious altercation with Franklin Roosevelt, triggered by a rash of "Little Steel" strikes. During one of them, in Chicago, police shot and killed ten workers. When Roosevelt...
...public funds. Gradually the anti-union tradition crumbled under strong pressure. A 9 p.m. curfew enforced by National Guardsmen cut the spring tourist trade. A Negro boycott of white businesses also did economic damage to the city. National publicity was mostly unfavorable and the strikers drew support from national labor and civil rights groups...
Politically as well as culturally, Minneapolis is one of the Midwest's more progressive cities. Its civic-minded businessmen like their suits conservative and their politics enlightened. Since the 1940s, the Democratic-Farmer-Labor coalition has produced a series of dynamic liberal mayors, including Hubert Humphrey and the incumbent, Arthur Naftalin. Thus Minneapolis seemed unlikely to succumb to the mayoral campaign of a political novice whose principal pledge was "to take the handcuffs off the police." Yet that is just what happened last week...
...independent with a ragtag organization, rolled over Republican City Council President Dan Cohen. Stenvig took city hall with 62% of the vote, amassing majorities of up to 81% in working-class areas. Cohen, 33, a Harvard Law School graduate, had the backing of the city's powerful labor leaders and the endorsement of big names, including Richard Nixon and Minnesota Senator Eugene McCarthy. Yet Stenvig carried all but two of the city's 13 wards. The result was all the more astonishing because, with a Negro population of just 3%, Minneapolis has suffered relatively little racial tension...
Another factor was the continuing decay of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor organization. The party split over the 1966 gubernatorial nomination, then lost the election. The Humphrey-McCarthy rivalry last year helped the process along. Naftalin, a Humphrey protege 25 years ago, declined to run for a fifth two year term this year, and his withdrawal created a vacuum that left many voters without allegiance to any commanding personality...