Word: labor
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Through four stormy decades, he was absolute sovereign of the men who worked the mines. To them he was a savior. His demagogic, often ruthless tactics alienated other Americans from Presidents on down. He gloried in playing the heavy in the drama of labor's awakening. When his sonorous voice boomed "Strike!", the nation's cartoonists went to work etching his famous eyebrows to give him a demonic visage. "I have pleaded your case," he told his miners, "not in the quavering tones of a feeble mendicant asking alms, but in the thundering voice of the captain...
...finished the eighth grade, and by age 15 he had followed his father to the pits. In Colorado he mined coal. Then it was copper in Montana, silver in Utah, gold in Arizona. In 1911, Lewis went to work for Samuel Gompers, then president of the American Federation of Labor and the greatest labor tactician of the era. Because he could back his sharp tongue with a strong, 210-lb. frame, Lewis soon became a labor organizer. Often, days of organizing in small company towns ended in fistfights with union busters...
...There was a scuffle, the girl screamed, O'Callahan fled. He was later arrested by Hawaiian civilian police, turned over to the military for prosecution and charged with housebreaking, assault and attempted rape. At a court-martial, O'Callahan was convicted and given ten years at hard labor-a penalty harsher than he could have expected from many a civilian court...
...endangered by the contract signed in April with the American Federation of Musicians. The new rules, affecting length of sessions and overtime pay, will make recording in the U.S. at least 20% more expensive, and thus may force record companies to sign up more orchestras abroad, where labor costs are lower...
...Semantic Gimmick. Conductors Mehta and Leinsdorf believe that the disadvantages of high labor costs and long seasons can in the long run be turned into assets. Mehta thinks that the eventual answer will be an orchestra in every major American city that will serve several musical purposes. "The only way seasons can be enlarged indefinitely is by giving symphony and opera," says Mehta, "then breaking up the orchestra-making chamber-music groups, moving around the countryside, going out to the people." Leinsdorf goes Mehta one better. "The solution is not to make the orchestra smaller but to make it larger...