Word: laboral
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...European Union's then 15 countries, only three - Ireland, Britain and Sweden - agreed to open their labor markets in May 2004. Though East Europeans have settled everywhere from Scandinavia to Spain, the most evident result of the decisions taken on enlargement has been a concentrated flow of Poles into Britain and Ireland. And although politicians and media in those countries warned that an influx of workers from Eastern Europe would undermine local economies, steal jobs and bankrupt the welfare system, the impact has been quite different. Polish migrants like Chudzicka have integrated seamlessly: 75%, in one survey, said the Irish...
...Ireland is just 4.5%, and job vacancy rates reported by Irish businesses in the past two years have actually risen, from 11% to 17%. The positions migrants are filling, economists say, are either ones that locals don't want, or new positions altogether. In fact, the infusion of educated labor drove growth in host countries' most dynamic sectors. Chudzicka arrived with a diploma in economics and now stars in her own Polish-language TV show (see profile). The majority of expatriate Poles have at least a secondary education, and many have a university degree. Most are working at jobs...
That hasn't gone unnoticed in the rest of Europe. The Polish story is feeding the debate as new countries such as Romania and Bulgaria join the E.U. As the Union continues to expand to the east, the toughest question facing its older members is whether to open labor markets. Among ordinary Europeans, opposition to enlargement has focused on the fear of losing jobs and the impact on expensive social welfare systems. (Despite their positive experience with Poland and other Eastern countries, both Britain and Ireland decided to maintain labor restrictions on Romania and Bulgaria for the time being...
...from the local automobile plant. So in 2005, she says, "we decided to leave. That's better than sitting and crying and begging for help." They went to Spain where at first she worked illicitly, earning cash in hand as a cleaning lady. A year later, Spain opened its labor markets to new E.U. citizens and she took legal employment near Madrid in a shop selling Polish products. Today, Ukalska earns €1,000 a month, supplementing her shop hours with cleaning, and working weekends and holidays. She sends most of her earnings home to her two daughters. "The next...
...danger lies in a type of moral outsourcing, where we can buy off our nagging consciences at the store. The market is a perfect arena for affirming one’s values, yet a poor one for finding those values. If American Apparel convinced me of the importance of labor unions, you might question the depth of my conviction. This is because values must be forged outside of the marketplace—in the university, one’s local community, or one’s own mind...