Word: labors
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Dates: during 1900-1909
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...Avenel traced the peasant from the early conditions of serfdom, through the steps of enfranchisement, which took place on account of the scarcity of labor in the Middle Ages. The Lords gave their servants their lands, only keeping the rents and indirect rights for themselves. This made the servants definitely associated with the land, and was a great element in retaining their services. Through this means all peasants became proprietors, but they were forbidden to sell or rent their land...
...socialism is that the propensities of the many give rise to legislation, but they are far from originating legislation, in which the assumptions of the majority have to coincide to some extent with the opinions of the minority. The same is true in regard to the economic powers of labor, which have in most cases been greatly exaggerated, as is shown by the frequent weakness of strikes. Socialism, concluded Mr. Mallock, in endeavoring to redivide the product would prevent the product from being produced...
...main part of the lecture dealt with a consideration of the law laid down in the last lecture, that labor was not the chief factor in wealth, but rather was a feature secondary to management. Mr. Mallock stated that the greatest modern thinkers on socialism had abandoned the idea that wealth was due to labor alone, and had agreed with the statement quoted above. These men form a new school of socialism, which undertakes to justify the idea that, notwithstanding the fact that management is the essential in producing wealth, the laborer should receive his just "per capita" average. Four...
...system holds-it is not the individual skill of a workman which counts, for a good workman may be employed on a poor machine, but it is this skill, under the direction of a master mind. This shows that the essential feature of the production of wealth is not labor, as the socialists claim, but rather the ability of the inventive and directing brain. Therefore there is no reason why laborers should receive a greater share of the proceeds of industry as wages, which many socialists claim they deserve...
...chief element of socialistic creeds is economic freedom or emancipation of labor, which is the desire to have wages independent of management. By offering the system in which the state shall control all industry, socialists do away with the capitalist, but substitute for him the state as a directing force. This move is merely sentimental, and will disappear after having run its course...