Word: labors
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Catholics did when they first arrived, or worked and languished in worse conditions. Irish considered themselves the blacks of Europe and black freedmen viewed themselves, according to some literature of the day, comfortably superior in position to that of the Irishman. Somewhere in the crucible of New England urban labor competition, the Irish forged a new white identity for themselves to ensure their place next to native born whites...
...provocative title suggests, Ignatiev's project is explaining the process of this transformation along with the concomitant results for black as well as white America prior to the Civil War. In an effort to synthesize ethnic studies with Afro-American studies and labor history, he has also taken on the formidable task of examining the political, social and intellectual history which confirmed discrimination along color lines after blacks had begun to form a middle class. It's not enough that scholarship from the likes of Peter Wood and Kenneth Stampp established that slavery itself was market driven; Ignatiev also wants...
Where once color distinctions had been so insignificant as to go unrecorded in, among other things, prison and labor rosters, segragation appeared, and where once uneasy competition for labor contracts had maintained a degree of tranquility, anti-black riots and violence erupted in major New England cities...
...privilege to be here and to be able to interact," said Lynn R. Williams, who was president of the United Steelworkers of America International from 1983-1995, and will be leading a group on "Labor, Politics...
...reality the consequences of Forbes' flat tax do not quite conform to his supply-side rhetoric. Admittedly the flat tax would spur economic growth. By reducing the income tax rate to 17 percent and eliminating the progressive nature of the tax, Forbes' proposal would increase the returns to labor and thereby increase the incentives to work. In other words, the average person would keep more of any additional earned income than he would previously and, as a result, would supply more labor. At the same time, the elimination of all taxes on investment income would encourage people to save...