Word: labs
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...away works better than waiting until after a conviction, which can take up to a year in some states, is simple timing: if you do something wrong, you should suffer the consequences immediately. It's a basic behavior-curbing tenet called negative reinforcement that works on rats in the lab, and on humans just as well. "The speed with which the punishment is applied is very important, and in our society we've had a long-standing focus on the severity of the punishment," says Wagenaar. "The punishment does not have to be draconian to have an effect in shaping...
...Tour. Tuesday night, l'Equipe broke news that one of the race's top stars, Kazakh Alexandre Vinokourov, had tested positive for a prohibited blood transfusion after wowing fans with a resounding time-trial victory over the weekend. Although an appeal is possible and a backup analysis by the lab entrusted with testing is routine, Vinokourov promptly dropped out of the race and hustled home - a move replicated by his entire Astana team, at the request of Tour organizers seeking to protect the race's reputation. Though the 33-year-old Vinokourov and team managers deny any wrongdoing, French media...
...dire reactions? Confirmation and eventual punishment of any doping infraction would require weeks of additional lab checks and probable appeals, after all. Meanwhile, allegations made thus far involve but a handful of the hundreds of riders in the current race. However, given the accuracy of l'Equipe's reporting of past Tour doping violations - and the strong record of the testing lab when past analyses have been challenged - all these elements have served to significantly stoke suspicions that have been accumulated and strengthened over successive Tours. Last year's winner, American Floyd Landis, was stripped of his title after failing...
...Bart Stupak, a Michigan Democrat and chair of the oversight and investigations subcommittee. "While FDA inspects less than one percent of all imported foods, only a small fraction of that is actually tested for contaminants," said Stupak. Furthermore, food that is suspected of contamination is typically tested by private labs that the FDA has no jurisdiction over and which importers have learned to manipulate. There are also not enough staff members to give shipments more than a cursory look. In the San Francisco office, for example, four reviewers are overwhelmed to the point that they can typically devote only...
...lobs thrown at his agency, Commissioner von Eschanbach got the chance to respond, though he was short on specifics and long on general pronouncements about the need for the FDA to start using "21st century science." It was a phrase that he used often as an explanation for the lab closures, referring to them as necessary consolidations and saying that they were "intended to bring FDA's laboratory infrastructure into the 21st century." To demonstrate the future, von Eschanbach pulled out a large, gun-like device that could be used to immediately identify whether bottled water contained arsenic or other...