Word: labs
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...Soviet master-spy Alexander Feklisov, the cold-war operative who ran some of the KGB's deadliest spies in the West. Feklisov's recruits included Julius Rosenberg, widely believed to have provided information on the Manhattan Project, and German scientist Klaus Fuchs, who had worked at the Los Alamos lab. Feklisov was pivotal in his country's acquisition of the nuclear bomb, first exploded in 1949, some five years before U.S. agents expected...
...already existing cells to create more practical solutions - for replacing everything from diseased heart muscle to worn out cartilage and failing kidney cells. "Every cell in your body is programmed to do a job, and our job is to put these cells in the right environment in the lab so they know what to do," he says. "To us, it doesn't matter where the cell comes from - whether it's a bladder cell or a blood cell or an adult stem cell - we use whatever cell gets the job done...
Things in Dr. Anthony Atala's lab at Wake Forest University are not always what they seem. On one lab bench, surrounded by gutted printer cartridges, lie the inner workings of an inkjet printer. But this isn't the scene of some document-printing job gone awry. Instead, the printer has been jury-rigged to handle something much more extraordinary than ink - it now sprays tiny living cells into the three-dimensional forms of human organs...
...this year, Atala's group became the first to make another valuable discovery: that amniotic fluid contains stem cells. These have proven critical in helping his team to regenerate tissues from the more ornery cells of the pancreas, liver and nerves, which don't grow as well in a lab dish. Amniotic-fluid stem cells aren't as versatile as embryonic stem cells, which can turn into every tissue type in the body, but they can still develop into an impressive number of much-needed cell types, and Atala has already used them to grow up muscle, bone...
...patients to receive Atala's regenerated organs were seven young children who were transplanted with bladders grown from their own cells. Eight years after their surgery, the children are doing well, and their bladders continue to function normally. Atala now has about 20 other tissues and organs in his lab almost ready for human trials, but he refuses to rush the technology. "Our goal is to transfer these technologies from bench to bedside in the fastest way possible," he says, "But we have gone slowly in these trials because we wanted to make sure that the tissues and organs...