Word: ladders
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...illustrate a strategy of pure force, Kahn presents the metaphor of "the escalation ladder," an abstract model which considers the various levels of violence at which nations can negotiate, threaten, and make war. The ladder begins at the level of an "ostensible crisis," in which neither side takes its opponent's demands seriously, and works its way up through forty-four rungs and six thresholds to "spasm war," in which a nation fires its total arsenal against the enemy with the goal of maximum destruction...
...chief purpose of the escalation ladder metaphor is to clarify our options for action at the "middle rungs," when we are using large conventional forces and threatening nuclear war to coerce our enemies. Only if we know how to move up and down the ladder skillfully, will we be able to pursue the national interest and at the same time avoid a possible escalation to all-out nuclear...
...dreams of James M. McGovern Jr. '64 point upward--perhaps to Congress, perhaps to statewide office. But the ladder of ascending political ambition is a steep one, and McGovern has resolved to climb every rung, not hop, skip, and jump with the danger of dropping painfully to the bottom. His race three weeks ago for the Cambridge City Council was a losing one because he wasn't elected. But the 22-year-old candidate did not expect to win, and the events of the campaign did nothing to discourage his dreams...
...background. When he leaves the Council, the CCA will have no one there with a broad base of support. McGovern has the history and the talent to replace Crane, and could have the chance to do so. But once he gains the first rung of the political ladder, it may be hard to stop Jim McGovern from going on to higher things
During the fire, four students had to make a dash for safety through a flaming hallway. Three firemen were forced out of a sixth story window by heavy black smoke and were dramatically rescued when a ladder was extended to them...