Word: ladino
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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FECOAR, the Guatemalan agricultural federation, is governed from the top. Gringo and Guatemalan developers establish the general policy that the Ladino (non-Indian mestizo) extensionists and managers apply to the regional cooperatives. Even though the co-ops are for the benefit of the Indian farmer, he plays almost no part in the decision making...
...storekeepers make the decisions for their own cooperatives. Through a rotating board of directors, local leaders share the responsibilities of credit and management decisions. They emphasize the fact that cooperatives are an effort for all people, apart from religious differences, though in practice, coops often divide according to the Ladino - Indian split...
...remaining 16% are divided between the SEPHARDIC and ORIENTAL Jews. The Sephardim developed into a community in medieval Spain, where their achievements in arts, government and letters made them the most influential Jewish community of the Diaspora until their expulsion in 1492. Their language, Ladino, reflects their Spanish roots. The Oriental Jews are scattered from North Africa to Afghanistan, usually speaking Jewish varieties of Arabic or Persian, and in the case of one group, Aramaic...
...urgent problems of a country where 64% of its 5,100,000 people are illiterate and most farm land is held by the rich. Perhaps the gravest problem of all is the continued existence of a caste system that separates the Indian majority (slightly over 50%) from the "Ladino" class, which consists of whites, mixed-bloods, and those Indians who have adopted the speech and manners of the Spanish ruling group. "In Guatemala, the Indian is only a part of the scenery, like the 33 volcanoes and Lake Atitlán," said a foreign observer in Guatemala City last week...