Word: ladoga
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Leningrad was almost completely isolated: to the west was the Baltic Sea, to the east Lake Ladoga, to the south the advancing Wehrmacht, to the north the Finns, who, while not formally allied with Germany, were fighting their own war with the Soviet Union. But the city's defenders kept the enemy at bay and, again, winter helped. Lake Ladoga froze to a thickness that would support an escape route for hundreds of thousands of refugees -- and a way in for food. The Russian counteroffensive that began on Dec. 5, 1941, also relieved pressure on the city. By early...