Word: lakota
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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American Indians have been holding on, just barely, for a century. The U.S., meanwhile, has not helped them toward self-reliance, but practically encouraged a Government dependence that the bingo businesses, here and there, are helping tribes to break. Tim Giago, who publishes the Lakota Times, an Indian newspaper, is understandably ambivalent about the cinder-block-and-tin palaces springing up on reservations. "We've got to find a means to survive," he says, "but I don't see our young people making any great strides working in casinos. This is O.K. as a stopgap, but why should...
...misery of reservation life. When gold was discovered in the Black Hills in 1874, for instance, authorities looked away while prospectors dug on land owned by the Sioux. The sculptures of Mount Rushmore still speak with forked tongues to the large Indian population of the area. The late Lakota Chief John Fire Lame Deer claimed that the stone faces say, "Because we like the tourist dollars we have made your sacred Black Hills into one vast Disneyland...
Outside the Indian reservations, the sexual objections count less than criticisms of Hill's scholarship. She translates the book's title as "Clear the Way," and argues that it is both a war cry and a metaphysical statement of Lakota spiritualism. Among contemporary Sioux, her critics say, hanta yo is simply a throwaway phrase for dismissing an irritating child -equivalent to the English "scram...
...many are doubtful of Hill's claim that she translated her novel from English to archaic Lakota and then back to English to catch Sioux rhythms and emotional tone. Says Sioux Author Vine Deloria Jr. (Custer Died for Your Sins): "How in hell do you type up a manuscript in an ancient language that has never been written down and apparently has no symbols or alphabet?" Now Hill says she has been misunderstood: she did not write a complete Lakota version, but translated important concepts and phrases into Lakota, researched the root meaning of each Lakota term, then redid...
...more serious objection is that Hill has overstated Sioux individualism, extolling "the language of the ego" and depicting the Lakota as free from all restraints. Complains Tom Simms, a non-Indian who teaches on the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota: "She takes a communal, family-oriented society and turns it into an individualistic society to the point where anyone can do anything he pleases." Hill, a friend and ardent admirer of the radical individualist Ayn Rand, has been accused of projecting Rand's notions onto the Sioux. One critic headlined his review of Hanta Yo, "Ayn Rand Meets Hiawatha...