Word: lancet
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Last January a team of scientists at the World Health Organization (WHO) published a study in the British medical journal the Lancet making the audacious claim that the tools already exist to end the AIDS epidemic. Doctors have long noted that antiretrovirals - the drugs commonly used to treat HIV - are so successful at suppressing the number of viruses in an infected patient's blood that they can render a person no longer contagious. Using mathematical models, the researchers claimed that universal HIV testing followed by the immediate treatment of newly infected patients with antiretroviral drugs could eliminate the disease from...
...study in the journal Science suggests that such thinking is too good to be true. And the problem is drug resistance. Extensive antiretroviral treatment can result in the development and transmission of drug-resistant strains of HIV - something the Lancet study did not consider. In the new study, published on Thursday, a team of scientists from the University of California, the University of Tennessee and the University of Ottawa analyzed data from San Francisco, where antiretroviral drugs have been extensively prescribed to HIV patients since AZT was introduced in 1987. In that city, drug resistance has grown steadily and, according...
...Current treatment guidelines do not call for the prescription of antiretroviral drugs until there is evidence of progressive damage to the immune system. But in the wake of last year's Lancet study, some health experts have begun promoting a "test and treat" policy for populations with high HIV rates, as in major Western cities and parts of the developing world. Test and treat calls for the immediate treatment of all HIV-infected patients to reduce transmission rates. In November, WHO held a conference in Geneva to discuss whether the policy should be rolled out through its various agency programs...
Around the time he started collecting the data, Bygren had become fascinated with research showing that conditions in the womb could affect your health not only when you were a fetus but well into adulthood. In 1986, for example, the Lancet published the first of two groundbreaking papers showing that if a pregnant woman ate poorly, her child would be at significantly higher than average risk for cardiovascular disease as an adult. Bygren wondered whether that effect could start even before pregnancy: Could parents' experiences early in their lives somehow change the traits they passed to their offspring...
Another study published in the Lancet in October found that gene therapy had restored partial vision to five children and seven adults with a congenital eye disease that causes blindness. And a paper published earlier this month in Science reported the successful treatment of two children with ALD, or adrenoleukodystrophy - a neurological disorder that leads to progressive brain damage and death in two to five years...