Word: lateran
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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February 11 is a national holiday inItaly. The date marks the anniversary of three historic pacts: the Lateran Treaty, which formally constituted Vatican City as an independent territorial state; a financial accord, which indemnified the Pope for the 19th century confiscation of the Papal States; and a concordat* to settle religious matters be tween the Roman Catholic Church and the government of Italy. Signed by Fas cist Dictator Benito Mussolini and a representative of Pope Pius XI, the pacts successfully survived World War II, Mussolini's fall and even a new post war constitution. But as Italy marked...
...church not yet reconciled to the values of freedom." Many of the concordat's provisions run counter to the intent of Italy's postwar constitution, which states that "all religious confessions are equally free before the law." But the constitution also clearly ratifies the three Lateran pacts, which provide that "the Catholic, apostolic Roman religion is the sole religion of the state...
...apartments in Rome plus land in the hills around the city. It has other properties in Europe, South America and the U.S. A third section in the Vatican's financial structure, the Special Administration Department, has handsomely multiplied the $83 million that Mussolini paid in 1929 under the Lateran Treaty to compensate the church for territorial losses sustained in the unification of Italy...
...Maundy Thursday, at Rome's St. John Lateran Cathedral, Pope Paul VI ceremoniously washed and then kissed the feet of twelve Roman Catholic seminarians. It was a symbolic re-enactment of the Last Supper, at which Jesus, according to John, washed the feet of the Twelve Apostles as a sign that he was both the servant and Lord of mankind. The ritual, which was devised in medieval times, is carried out once a year at major cathedrals. In Rome, however, it was dropped at the death of Pope Pius IX in 1878; John XXIII revived the custom...
...Confess your sins to one another, that you may be healed." In the early church, penance was usually a public ritual at which penitents openly disclaimed serious wrongdoings before the assembled congregation. Not until 1215 was confession to a priest made the norm for the church, by the Fourth Lateran Council. According to canon law, Catholics must confess any mortal (serious) sins before receiving Holy Communion, and as a rule they are expected to do so at least once a year...