Word: lateran
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...fiery oratorical chariot to rescue the Catholic Church. By the grace of Togliatti, the Italian Assembly last week put into the Republic's Constitution this clause: "The Roman Catholic apostolic religion is the only religion of the State." Approval meant that 1) the Republic would stand by the Lateran Treaty which Mussolini made with the Vatican; 2) every Italian would be taxed to support the Church; and 3) education would be Catholic...
Nervous excitement had swept the floor of the Palazzo Monte Citorio as the Assembly reached the Lateran question. Nobody but Togliatti and the Communists-and they were saving their surprise-was sure how the vote would divide. In the jammed public galleries there was a solemn checkerboard of Jesuit black, Franciscan brown, Dominican white-set off by the bright springtime pinks and blues of .snappily dressed women. The heads that craned forward were alternately tonsured and gaily feather-plumed...
...first speeches were predictable enough. Christian Democrat Premier Alcide de Gasperi spoke firmly, if not very eloquently, for the Lateran reaffirmation his party wanted: Christ's divinity was "the crucial question ... of our positivist age. . . ." Then he descended to pragmatism with an arithmetical statement that Togliatti later turned into a trap. Out of 45,526,750 Italians, said De Gasperi, "45,349,221 are Catholics...
...this time over politics. The issue was more intimate. In Italy, as much as anywhere else, war and military occupation had played hob with marriages; but men & women who wanted to shed their mates and start afresh with new ones were out of luck. By virtue of the 1929 Lateran Treaty, the state followed the law of the church, which in rare cases grants annulments (30 out of 75 requests from all over the world in 1944-45)-but never divorce...
...From 1848 to 1867 the U.S. maintained a complete legation at the Vatican, discontinued it at the approaching collapse of the temporal power (which was restored by the Lateran treaty of 1929). France, which also separates church & state, and England, with a Protestant state church, both maintain diplomatic relations with the Pontiff...