Word: latinized
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...dour tone early on by distinguishing between literacy (the ability to read one's own language) and cultural literacy (possession of specific information). Students may be able to read at a ninth-grade level, according to Hirsch, and still be ignorant of history and society. He quotes a Latin pupil astonished to find that she is learning a dead language. "What do they speak in Latin America?" she demands. A California journalist testifies, "I have not yet found one single student in Los Angeles, in either college or high school, who could tell me the years when World...
...Paris Club's schedule is likely to grow more hectic, if only because the Third World debt crisis, particularly in Latin America, is again worsening. Warns Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski, co-chairman of First Boston International in New York City: "Only if commodity prices rise faster than interest rates can Latin America make it." In other words, Jean-Pierre Marlet at the Club de Paris may be getting more misdialed calls than usual this year, and over at the Louvre, Jean-Claude Trichet may be working harder than ever...
Some charters are roundly ignored. China's declaration of human rights was powerless to stop the abuses of the 1960s Cultural Revolution. In Latin America dictators often simply disregard national charters during times of unrest. Many African leaders have stymied democracy by outlawing opposing political parties and turning their countries into one-party states, often without bothering to amend their charters. Yet so strongly have constitutional ideals taken hold worldwide that few countries dare to abandon them completely...
...Latin America, coups and military dictatorships have often been the rule. Chile's 1981 constitution grants dictatorial authority to President Augusto Pinochet, the general who seized power in 1973. In Argentina, the three-year effort at civilian rule under constitutionally mandated human-rights principles still sways precariously if the military glowers too hard. Mexico is politically stable and boasts a constitution that provides for separation of powers between branches of government, but the Institutional Revolutionary Party and its forerunner have controlled the presidency -- and much of the other branches -- since...
First aired in February, the Arias proposal echoes many of the items included in the so-called Contadora process, a four-year, Latin American effort to negotiate a Central American settlement that still sputters on without appreciable result. Both plans call for a region-wide cease-fire and an end to outside military assistance to all guerrilla groups, including the rebels in El Salvador and the contras. Both schemes propose a general amnesty for insurgents, followed by a peaceful political dialogue between opposition forces and incumbent governments. The Arias plan also follows Contadora in calling for pluralistic democracy...