Word: lawfulness
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...however, parliament passed a controversial "job ban" aimed at barring extremists and members of the minuscule Communist Party from all public jobs by means of a system of excessive "loyalty" checks. The law has since been modified and now exempts individuals who may have belonged to extremist organizations in the past but are no longer members. Abroad, the residual "Ugly German" image has not been dissipated by the 26 million West German tourists who annually seek the sun (vacations for industrial workers average 4½ weeks a year); as travelers, Germans often come on strong, flaunting their deutsche marks...
...office for his actions, but such a noisy phalanx of Catholic housewives followed along that the harried official finally told the bishop to forget the fine. Said he: "Just get these women out of my office." Tokarczuk has put up more than 100 illegal new churches. His philosophy: "The law that is against human rights is not binding, so we do not feel guilty...
...law is precisely the problem. Polish Catholicism exists in legal limbo, with no guaranteed rights. Four months before his election as Pope, Karol Wojtyla declared, "Being such a vast community, a community almost as large as the nation itself, we cannot be outside the law. Definition of the church's legal status is at the same time the definition of our place and of all of our rights." The church does not expect or even want the political powers that it wielded in former times. It seeks only elemental human freedoms, which John Paul has enunciated from his universal...
...College Entrance Examination Board, which sponsors the S.A.T., has steadfastly tried to discredit cram schools, thus defending the S.A.T.'s objective infallibility. But the coaching schools, which also prepare students for the Law School Admissions Test (L.S.A.T.) and Graduate Record Examinations, have become more than a $10 million annual business. So much so, in fact, that the Federal Trade Commission's Bureau of Consumer Protection decided to investigate them. The immediate target was the Stanley H. Kaplan Educational Center, a chain of 88 schools founded by Stanley Kaplan, 60, the son of a Brooklyn plumbing contractor...
...nine other union plaintiffs that President Carter had exceeded his authority in promulgating the guidelines. By threatening to withhold federal contracts from companies that violated the guidelines, the judge concluded, the program was coercive and thus "establishes a mandatory system of wage and price controls, unsupported by law...