Word: lawing
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...charter makes bows to such Western-style rights as freedom of the press and political parties. It also endorses equal rights ("There is no distinction on grounds of race, color, language or creed. Men and women have equality before the law"). Yet in each case there is a variation of an important proviso: these freedoms will operate only if "Islamic principles of the Republic are not flouted." As one Tehran resident acerbically put it, "The new charter creates the world's only 20th century theocratic nation...
...election was carried out under Park's less than democratic 1972 constitution, which, among other things, effectively made Park President in perpetuity. Thus critics regarded the vote as just more rigged politics. In Seoul hundreds of youthful dissidents had defied a martial-law ban on demonstrations and staged a noisy protest calling on students to mobilize "a last crucial battle for democratization." Police swiftly dispersed the protesters; more than 100 were arrested...
...opposition figures, among them New Democratic Party Leader Kim Young Sam, believe that the constitutional changes could be completed in only three months and a general election held by next fall. Other nettlesome questions concerned the role of the army: how soon it might be willing to lift martial law, for instance, and how much free rein it might be willing to give civilian politicians. But for the moment even opposition leaders are praising the restrained post-assassination behavior of the military, whose senior officers genuinely seem to want to establish solid civilian rule. Says Kim Young Sam: "The army...
...gasoline tax would be about the nation's strongest weapon, short of rationing. Under a timid law passed in October, rationing cannot be imposed until either Congress approves it or the President is able to declare that the nation faces an immediate threat of a 20% oil-supply shortfall. By that time waiting lines at service stations probably would reach to the horizon. Even then, Congress could overrule the President and block rationing...
Alone among public institutions, the U.S. Supreme Court has remained an Olympian myth: nine sages in black robes, unelected, unreviewable, pronouncing the last word on the law. Throughout its 190-year existence, the court's decision-making process has enjoyed a special immunity from public scrutiny. Even during the '70s, in the post-Watergate era of full disclosure, its white marble temple stood as a sanctuary, its inner workings Washington's last well-kept secret...