Word: laws
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Burden of Proof. The 1965 statute was passed because the case-by-case enforcement suits initiated under earlier civil rights acts had proved inadequate to overcome Southern resistance to Negro voting. The law banned literacy tests in seven states where less than half the voting-age population was registered. It also allowed the Attorney General to assign federal examiners to observe elections in counties covered by the act. Most important, it forbade the affected states and counties to adopt new voting laws and procedures without the approval of the U.S. Attorney General, and thus placed on the states the burden...
...sense, the Nixon Administration's bill would go beyond the 1965 law. It would apply a recent Supreme Court decision by suspending voter literacy tests across the U.S. on the grounds that they discriminate against those who have had an inferior education. It would also abolish residency requirements for voting in presidential elections. But it would eliminate the Justice Department's advance review of voting laws and shift the burden of proof from the states to the Government. The effect of the proposed change would force the Justice Department back to the slower, more costly case-by-case...
Chairman Celler, while not opposed to voting-law reform, felt that the Administration's bill was ill-timed. He argued that the existing law should be extended until a more comprehensive -and perhaps controversial-bill like the Administration's could be maneuvered through Congress. The committee's senior Republican, William McCulloch of Ohio, also favors a five-year extension of the 1965 act. So does the N.A.A.C.P.'s Mitchell, who described the Administration's proposal as a "sophisticated, calculated and incredible effort by the chief lawyer of the United States to make it impossible...
...Nixon Administration proposed an independent Farm Labor Relations Board, but chances for passage of such a law this year are small. Without NLRB protection, and with farm labor normally transient and seasonal, the difficulties of organizing are enormous...
...Chicano is as vulnerable to mistreatment at the hands of the law as the black. Seven Mexicans were beaten by drunken policemen at a Los Angeles police station on Christmas Eve, 1952; six of the officers were eventually given jail terms. During an 18-month period ending last April, the American Civil Liberties Union received 174 complaints of police abuses from Los Angeles Mexican Americans. Two of the recent landmark Supreme Court decisions limiting police questioning of suspects involved Mexican Americans?Escobedo v. Illinois and Miranda v. Arizona. Many Mexicans still look on the Texas Rangers and U.S. border patrols...