Word: laws
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Americans are among the world's most volatile and law-breaking people, yet their government is one of the stablest. For nearly three centuries, this paradox has puzzled the world and, especially in the past few strife-torn years, America itself. Last week a group of historians, social scientists and lawyers told the nation what many Americans had al ready suspected: "We have become a rather bloody-minded people in both action and reaction...
According to a 50-state survey, conducted for TIME by the National Education Association, most legislatures have ignored the reasons for student protest in favor of simply halting it. At least eleven states have passed new laws aimed at curbing campus disruptions, although not all the bills have yet been signed by the respective Governors. These states are Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Nevada, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin and South Carolina, where the bill provides for the immediate expulsion of disrupters after a hearing. Oklahoma's law (now signed) specifies that persons convicted of inciting riots can be imprisoned...
Several states have passed laws aimed at keeping nonstudent agitators off campus. The legislatures of Colorado, Oklahoma, Maryland and Tennessee have approved bills that apply private trespass rules to public campuses, or otherwise control the presence of nonstudents. Tennessee's law makes it a felony for nonstudents to enter school property "to incite, participate in, aid or assist a riot." Possible penalty: five years in the state penitentiary...
West Virginia went to the other extreme by enacting what may be the most sweeping antiriot law in the country. The new law, which went into effeet last week, empowers state troopers, sheriffs or mayors to invoke riot-control procedures, bypassing the old requirement that a judge or justice of the peace must declare that a civil disturbance is a riot. Law officers can deem anyone a rioter who fails to obey a lawful order or provide requested assistance. The police are free to deputize onlookers, who will automatically be guiltless if any person present is subsequently killed or wounded...
Thick and Thin. First, researchers must answer a basic question: how is pain felt? As long ago as 1826, Johannes Peter Müller promulgated the "law of specific nerve energies." He suggested that stimulation of specific pain receptors in the skin, like those for heat or pressure, sends impulses along specific nerve fibers to equally specific parts of the spinal cord and brain. This concept has since been called the "direct telephone-line system." The latest research shows that the system is by no means so simple as direct dialing. It is full of crossovers and redundancies, creating...