Word: laws
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...State law provides for the removal from public office of officials who refuse to testify before grand juries looking into governmental affairs. But it allows them to take the Fifth Amendment when questioned on criminal matters- as did Addonizio. Nor do the state's laws require the removal of officials who are under indictment...
...nation's bootlegging operations. Aside from Newark and Jersey City, much of the state retained a rural character until the opening of the George Washington Bridge in 1931. New Jersey suited the underworld's needs perfectly. The Hudson River separated its members from the tough law enforcement of New York racketbusters like Fiorello La Guardia, Thomas Dewey and, more recently, Frank Hogan. Neither police forces nor local government had caught up with the state's sudden population growth. To make matters worse, officials were only too eager to accommodate the free-spending gangsters...
...argued the lone dissenter, Judge William H. Hastie, a leading Negro jurist and former governor of the Virgin Islands. As he sees it, the law's real aim is not to promote the general welfare but to save parochial schools. Wrote Hastie: "When the state reimburses a sectarian school for any part of the curricular costs of a teaching program, it directly finances and supports a religious enterprise. Constitutionally, such subsidizing of a religious enterprise is not essentially different from a payment of public funds into the treasury of a church." The fact that such aid incidentally relieves...
Opponents of the Pennsylvania law plan an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Meanwhile, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Ohio have enacted similar laws to help their troubled parochial schools. Many other states are considering a move in Pennsylvania's direction. Whatever the outcome, critics argue that a victory for nonpublic schools in the Supreme Court may produce a loss in the long run. For one thing, there might be less money to go around for public schools, especially those in the ghetto. In addition, critics note, to win tax support the church schools must prove that they provide...
During the dry desert autumn of 1909, a troublesome Paiute Indian named Willie shot the father of the Indian girl he wanted to marry. Willie was not a criminal according to Paiute custom; under tribal law, the theft of a girl constituted marriage. What followed, however, had nothing at all to do with custom...