Word: layering
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...habitats of caribou, musk-oxen, polar bears, golden eagles and wolves. For evidence to back their argument, the preservationists point to Prudhoe Bay. The weight of trucks atop temporary roads has cut into the mat of vegetation that makes up the tundra, allowing sunlight to weaken the top layer of permafrost beneath. The result: ever deepening ruts that erode into gullies. And oily wastes have leached out of supposedly secure dumps. The consequences of the contamination are unclear, but some scientists believe that since the permafrost confines biological activity to a layer of ^ earth just a couple of feet thick...
Some of Gorbachev's most hostile critics are among those whose help he needs to make perestroika work: the 18 million members of the nomenklatura, or ruling class. Says Eldar Shakhbazov, deputy minister of finance in Azerbaijan: "The first layer of opponents of perestroika are people who would lose their economic privileges." Not only might they be shifted to less desirable jobs, but the nomenklatura fears that reform may also eliminate the perks -- special stores, food sources, even schools -- that make them the Soviet Union's pampered elite. Those privileges are a touchy matter. When Pravda published a letter from...
...theater so far this year is all but bereft of emotional force. At the finale, two actresses stand rigid, their cheeks glazed with tears, yet much of the audience reacts only with uneasy titters. Director Steven Berkoff's highly stylized script and direction circle around the story, adding layer upon layer of ornament, when what is needed is a clean, quick cut to the emotional core of an incident as simple as it is mysterious...
...council. Chairs should be respected not for what they themselves think but for how well they turn student beliefs and council decisions into realities. The chair should speak only for the council; it is the council members, who speak for the student body. Campuswide elections might remove a layer of separation between the chair and the students, but it would also add a layer of separation between the students and their representative government...
...reason politicians are acting so swiftly on the CFC problem may be that the threat is indisputable. Strong evidence of the effect emerged in 1985, when British researchers announced the existence of a seasonal "hole" in the ozone layer over Antarctica. That was worrisome: ozone between ten miles and 30 miles up absorbs the sun's ultraviolet radiation, which has been linked to cataracts, skin cancers and weakened immune systems in humans and other animals, as well as to damage to plants. Data-gathering flights in the Antarctic in 1987 made the connection between CFCs and ozone destruction...