Word: layering
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...stuff gets even smaller. Integrated circuits that include everything, even transistors, are built into a single chip of silicon. Westinghouse starts with a sheet of silicon eight one-thousandths of an inch thick and about the diameter of a quarter. On top of this, an even thinner layer of extra-pure silicon is deposited by evaporation and covered with photosensitive masking material. The mask is removed in patterns, allowing successive parts of the silicon to be exposed to vapors, such as boron, that change its electrical properties. Some of the tiny areas become built-in transistors; others become diodes, capacitors...
Burned City. After mobilizing 130 Arab laborers from nearby villages, Dr. Pritchard sank 30 pits at the northwest part of the mound. The much-eroded surface layer was probably the remains of the last city to occupy the mound, apparently abandoned about 700 B.C. A few feet below the surface were the floors, streets and wall-footings of an older city that was destroyed by fire. Grey wood ash was everywhere, sometimes mixed with charred beams and mud from fallen roofs...
...coffee in the wardroom when he was suddenly engulfed by water. "I swam to the surface," he recalled, "and found I was still in the wardroom. I got out through a slit in the side and found myself in the ocean, with its surface covered by a six-inch layer of fuel oil." Ten men trapped in the forward section finally forced open a jammed escape hatch and, as they scrambled free, heard men behind them screaming to get out and thrashing in the water-filled hold...
...average $10, plus an extra $4 for fitting and styling. Manhattan's Janus Mann Eyelash Salon sells models in mink (for $50) and sable (for $80) to customers who want to match their coats. Women like them so much that they are wearing as many as three sets (layer upon layer) at a time, achieving a wild, bushy-eyed effect. Their lids may droop under the burden and their vision blur, but there seems to be no end in sight for the whole blinking business...
...Pleistocene, and the earth might have remained forever in perpetual deep freeze if not for a hid den weakness of the Antarctic icecap. As the ice spread out over the southern ocean, colder ice came in contact once more with the rock below it, freezing the slippery water layer between ice and rock (see diagram). This was the turning point. Held fast to the rock, the ice stopped moving. The ice shelf was nibbled away by the ocean, and the earth could capture more of the sun's heat. The earth's temperature rose again, and the glaciers...