Word: layering
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Linked Molecules. The new color film can be used in most Polaroid cameras, but it depends on new chemicals, designed to work with the precision of molecular machines. There are three layers of emulsion containing fine, light-sensitive grains of silver halide. The grains in the top layer are sensitive to blue light; those in the middle are sensitive to green; those in the bottom layer are sensitive to red. When a many-colored picture is focused on the film, the blue, green and red components of the light that has entered the camera form three latent (undeveloped) images...
Conventional color films work in much the same way. But just below each layer of Polacolor's silver halide is a layer containing strange double molecules synthesized by Polaroid's chemists. The molecules are shaped roughly like dumbbells. Each of them has at one end a submolecule of photographic developer. At the other end is a submolecule of brilliantly colored dye. Connecting the dye and developer is a strong chain of carbon atoms...
...what disease of space is cured by electrical exercise? The Bell men were aware that transistors behave strangely after they are bathed in powerful radiation. Ions (electrically charged particles) released by the radiation are attracted to electrically charged parts of the transistors. There they form a surface layer that prevents the transistors from working properly. Something of this sort may have happened to Telstar. It was built to resist an expected level of radiation in space, but just before it was launched, the U.S. exploded a powerful nuclear test bomb above the atmosphere near Johnston Island (TIME, July 20). Eminent...
...earth-type life. But they may have been fooling themselves. The earth's strong magnetic field acts as a buffer that deflects most cosmic rays. If Venus has little or no magnetism, the rays must hit the top of its atmosphere, perhaps creating an ionized layer that looks hot when examined by earth's radio telescopes. Under this layer (if it exists) and under the Venusian clouds, the planet's surface may be cool enough to support some kind of life...
...down. By insisting on high standards and by patiently training local labor, Bustani proved that Arabs could do as good a construction job as anyone else. During the great postwar rush to expand Mideastern oil output, CAT began taking contracts away from Western companies, eventually became the largest pipeline layer outside...