Word: leached
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Leach article (Indiana Law Review, Vol. 6, 1973) was used by Mr. Ferrara to support his statement that, "...busing did not improve the academic achievement of black children." This statement is a clear distortion of the facts presented in the article, and a misuse of social science research. In fact, the findings of the ten studies cited in the article are overwhelmingly positive in support of advantages to bused blacks over their peers left in segregated schools...
...evidence in the Leach article reports only one of ten studies found that bused blacks gained over non-bused whites. This is not starting considering the advantage the white students had in not having to switch schools. There was no comparison made in any study between bused blacks and bused whites because no white bus schedules were altered in-any sample group, and he reports that five of the ten studies found conclusive gains for bused blacks over their non-bused peers in a number of skill areas. The remaining studies are of questionable conclusiveness (in each case by Leach...
...LEACH FINDS that the latest evidence does not support this argument. On the basis of studies done in ten cities, five prominent sociologists found that busing did not improve the academic achievement of black children. Leach reports that recent studies also find that the psychological impact of busing is more likely to be negative rather than positive. The sudden change to a more demanding, competitive environment with higher academic standards lowers academic motivation and self-esteem. This is especially true when the receiving community is hostile to busing. The studies indicate black students suffer substantial psychological damage when busing...
Another argument for busing is that it will improve racial harmony. Leach finds, however, that "busing for racial integration has produced little or no improvement in race relations. In fact, the results appear to be to the contrary." It is no surprise that the use of force has failed to achieve harmony...
...LEACH'S STUDY shows that the latest evidence fails to support the fundamental assumptions on which busing advocates have relied. Overall, the effect of busing seems to be quite negative "in light of the tremendous social, political, and economic costs being paid for busing, the absence of any consistent educational gains, the deleterious psychological impact upon black children, and the increased polarization of the races." These shortcomings, in addition to busing's superficial and counterproductive nature, the use of force it involves, and its reliance on implicitly racist quotas and educational theories, compel one to reject busing as a means...