Word: learned
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...have been waiting 40 years to learn the name of the obscure Mexican clerk who was the model for the Judas figure in The Power and the Glory, or if you lie awake wondering who originally owned the revolver that Graham Greene used when he played Russian roulette in 1923, this is the book...
...apprenticeship -- the acquisition of knowledge through practice in the presence of a master -- is a time-tested teaching method whose applications go far beyond the shop floor. The principle is at work every time someone takes a total-immersion language lesson, follows a doctor on his rounds to learn how to practice medicine, or tags along with a crack dealer to learn the ropes of the drug trade. In fact, a body of scientists and educators maintains that it is the primary means by which people learn. "If you look at any successful learning situation, chances are you will find...
...with mounting evidence of the failure of efforts to pour information into students' minds, a number of educators and researchers would like to see more apprenticeship in the classroom. Says Albert Shanker, president of the American Federation of Teachers: "Schools are not organized according to the way most people learn. We might be more successful if we structured learning in schools more like the way things are done in the real world -- with apprenticeship-type programs connecting abstract symbols to the solution of real problems...
Members of a group learn about sex from one another, experiment with drugs together and look to their friends for a sense of belonging and approval. Notes Alan Morris, chief of the adolescent unit of the Illinois State Psychiatric Institute in Chicago: "Some kids, especially younger adolescents, have an exquisite sensitivity to what their peers think. They won't go to school if their shoelaces are the wrong color...
Children normally learn to trust and develop attachments to people within the first two years of life. By then they have also acquired a sense of compassion and empathy for others. And they have begun to be taught the difference between right and wrong and that hurtful actions have consequences. Many youngsters, though, fail to acquire those early curbs on conduct. Later on, when children misbehave, indulgent parents make excuses and forgo punishments. Young boys who grow up with absent or uninvolved fathers suffer doubly in that they often fail to develop a healthy sense of masculinity...