Word: lebanonization
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Originally a small-scale guerrilla group in southern Lebanon formed to resist Israeli invasion in the 1980s, Hizballah built its reputation on a dogged ability to repeatedly hold its own against Israeli forces -an achievement nearly unprecedented in the Arab world. (See rare pictures of Hizballah's youth movement...
...seeds that led to Hizballah's emergence were planted in the two decades following the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, when thousands of Palestinians were pushed into the neighboring countries of Lebanon and Jordan. Incensed over the expulsion, various militant factions, including the powerful Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) led by Yasser Arafat, began sprouting up in Palestinian refugee camps in southern Lebanon in the 1960s. The PLO's attacks on Israel's northern border prompted a full-scale invasion by Israeli troops in 1982, a conflict which angered south Lebanon's largely Shi'ia Muslim community - which...
...Inspired by the Iranian Islamic Revolution, a group of young Lebanese, including a 22-year-old religious scholar named Hassan Nasrallah, joined forces with the ambitious goal of eradicating the Israeli presence in Lebanon through a series of crude guerrilla attacks, including suicide bombings, kidnappings and assassinations...
...year: the 1983 suicide bombing of a U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut, which killed 241 American servicemen - the largest single-day death toll for the Marine Corps since Iwo Jima. The eventual U.S. pullout from Beirut in 1984 was seen as Hizballah's first "victory" -strengthening their credibility within Lebanon as an organization that could truly bring about change...
...After Israel assassinated the movement's leader, Abbas al-Mussawi, in 1992, Nasrallah took over as the group's secretary-general. Capitalizing on its growing clout among sympathetic Lebanese and claiming a spot under the ideological umbrella of Iran's ayatollah, Nasrallah entered Hizballah into Lebanon's general election that year; the group won eight parliamentary seats, solidifying its legitimacy. Meanwhile, the group continued its steady stream of attacks against Israeli troops in southern Lebanon until Barak, then Prime Minister, ordered their withdrawal in 2000 - allowing Hizballah to proclaim the achievement of their 18-year mission...