Word: lederberg
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...scholastic inbreeding (i.e., some department heads and professors had simply floated to the top on the strength of longevity), Alway had gone scouting for new blood, and he quickly hired a dazzling array of new men for top jobs, e.g., Pediatrician Norman Kretchmer from Cornell, Nobel Prizewinning Geneticist Joshua Lederberg from the University of Wisconsin, Biochemist Arthur Kornberg (along with several members of Kornberg's department) from Washington University of St. Louis. So far, Alway has replaced three department chiefs, created a new department (genetics), added eleven new full professors...
...Joshua Lederberg, one of three American scientists to share the 1958 Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology, will speak at 4:30 this afternoon on "Genes and Antibodies: Genetic Models of Immunity and Differentiation," in Auditorium D at the Medical School...
Regarded as one of the world's leading young geneticists, Lederberg is noted for his outstanding discoveries in bacterial genetics, including the finding of sexual multiplication in bacteria...
This year, Dr. Lederberg, along with Drs. George Wells Beadle and E. L. Tatum was awarded a Nobel Prize for his work in the heredity of bacteria...
Even more important was Lederberg's later discovery that viruses preying on bacteria can change the heredity of their victims. In this process, which is called transduction, a virus invades a bacterium, breaks it up and reorganizes its material into hundreds of new virus particles. If these particles in turn infect another bacterium and it survives, they sometimes change it into a new strain. Apparently the viruses, acting somewhat like submicroscopic spermatozoa, take hereditary material from the first bacterium and transfer it to the second...