Word: legalism
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Control of Berlin. Longstanding U.S. view: the West has unimpeachable legal rights and moral responsibilities in West Berlin, which stands as an oasis of freedom in the desert of Communism. Macmillan view: some kind of undefined "internationalization," e.g., a bringing in of control representatives from neutral nations or a U.N. commission, may be possible. The U.S. still argues that any change in the status of West Berlin must be accompanied, at the minimum, by a similar change for East Berlin...
Long, Long Ago. In equally airy fashion, Khrushchev abandoned the Communist contention that the Western powers had no legal right to maintain forces in Berlin. In one offhand remark designed to render needless all the careful legalist arguments Western chancelleries were preparing, Khrushchev said, "We recognize that they have these rights that stem from the capitulation of Hitlerite Germany 14 years ago, but that's a long time ago." If the West did not voluntarily surrender these rights, he warned, Russia would sign a separate World War II peace treaty with the East German Reds. Then-by Russian logic...
...marry Protestants (one notable example: the late, reactionary Cardinal Segura's onetime private secretary, now an Anglican). These ex-priests never get permission for a civil ceremony, but Protestant pastors have worked out a stopgap solution: a private Protestant ceremony performed before a notary public. This has no legal validity whatever, only serves to put the ceremony on record...
Despite repeated appeals to Franco, Protestants in Spain operate solely on the document issued by Franco's generals after the civil war, granting permission to reopen established Protestant churches. This means that there is no legal authorization for the establishment of a new church, or even for an established church to move. A Baptist church in Barcelona was closed down last year when its congregation moved without permission from a building that was about to collapse. And in 1954, Madrid's Second Baptist Church was closed because a new Catholic charity foundation across the street complained that...
...cases, appeals courts have upheld the Justice Department, giving it confidence that it is on solid legal ground. But the earlier cases were only the preliminaries to the real match, which is now opening. This is the fight to break down trade restraints in which underworld characters have muscled in on legitimate unions and business...